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NaOH neutralization was a simple method to control the pH, and the key time to adjust the fermentation pH is the beginning of exponential phase.
By neutralizing the fermentation pH to ~5.0 at different time, we observed that neutralization should take place at the beginning of exponential phase (12 h), and otherwise resulting in lower concentrations of undissociated butyric acid, cell biomass and final butanol.
Three distinctive growth phases at OD600 0.4, 1.5 and 2.5 were used to represent bacterial growth at the beginning of exponential phase, the middle to late exponential phase and stationary phase, respectively.
They are highly expressed at the beginning of exponential phase and their expression declines sharply shortly afterwards, an almost identical pattern to that of yabE (data from the B. subtilis Genome Database [ 43].
A MPA-CdSe/ZnS QD stock solution was added to the cell suspension cultures at day 3 of culture (beginning of exponential phase) to obtain the different final concentrations (0, 10 nM, 50 nM and 100 nM).
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The end of exponential phase was defined as the beginning of starvation, and samples were then plated to estimate the number of living cells after starvation as a function of time.
Cells were aerobically grown until end of exponential phase.
Some significant deviations occur though, especially at the end of exponential phase (GFP data) and in mid-exponential phase (luciferase data).
In the non-buffered medium, an additional isoenzyme of lower molecular weight than that produced in the entire fermentation process was produced at the beginning of the exponential phase of growth when the pH reached a value of 6.5 (Díaz et al. 2011).
The cycle threshold was set at 0.03 at the beginning of the exponential phase of the curve for all assays.
This technology monitors the entire PCR reaction by fluorescence detection, thereby allowing the beginning of the exponential phase of amplification (threshold cycle) to be measured.
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