At the beginning of each experiment, deionized water was used to measure the water permeate flux.
We also measured the gas flow rate which kills the liquid flow in the beginning of each experiment.
At the beginning of each experiment, a single dose of oxytocin or placebo was administered intranasally, using a double-blind, placebo-controlled within-subject design.
Biopsies from the LL were taken from each steer at the beginning of each experiment (B1), at 0.5 h (B2) and 24 h postmortem (B3).
At the beginning of each experiment, discharge into the upstream reservoir was set at the desired value using a manually-operated flowmeter.
At the beginning of each experiment, RDSLAM is calibrated to initialize the tracking of the local user's motion in 3D coordinate system.
Image depth, focus, gain and frame rate were optimized at the beginning of each experiment and were held constant during the study.
The solution pH was adjusted at the beginning of each experiment using a solution of 0.5 M HCl and/or NaOH and the pH value was recorded using a THERMO Scientific ORION pH meter.
To ensure that all TBA aptamers adopted the same structure at the beginning of each experiment, a slow melting-cooling cycle at 0.2°C per minute was performed prior to each experiment.
The experimental procedure used by Ghoodjani and Bolouri (2011) is as follows: The cleaned core samples were evacuated and then saturated with brine at the beginning of each experiment.
At the beginning of each experiment, an adenoviral vector that carried β-galactosidase gene was added to the maternal perfusate that was entering the intervillous space; at the end, the placental tissues were analyzed for β-galactosidase activity by X-Gal staining.
