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Two alternative configurations of a fuel cell system are considered (with and without an expander), and two alternative design concepts for each configuration: BoL (Begin of Life) and EoL (End of Life).
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The irradiation conditions were: ∼250 W/cm2 peak Beginning Of Life (BOL) power, with a ∼3.5e21 f/cm3 peak burnup.
The irradiation conditions were: 470 W/cm2 peak Beginning Of Life (BOL) power, with a ∼70% 235U peak burnup.
The execution time is significantly reduced compared to that of the electrochemical thermal full order model while beginning of life of the battery with the approximately same accuracy can be predicted.
Hot-full-power-temperature and beginning-of-life conditions were also assumed in the example problems.
The results are in full accordance with the mission requirements either in beginning-of-life or end-of-life.
Reactivity coefficients and kinetic parameters have been evaluated for the reference beginning-of-life, middle-of-life and end-of-life core configurations.
In doing so, the study focuses not only on the beginning-of-life state of the core, but also on the beginning of equilibrium closed fuel cycle.
The beginning-of-life and end-of-life quantum efficiency and current – voltage characteristics are discussed to establish trends as a function of material bandgap.
The beginning-of-life (BOL) peak cladding temperature of the hottest pin was 608 °C, cooling to 522 °C at end-of-life (EOL).
A further challenge is to close loops, for example feedback from service delivery to the beginning-of-life phase of products.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com