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Similarly as before, the variance can be determined as {sigma}_n^2={sigma}_{alpha A}^2=Eleft{{left alpha Aright)}^2right}-{E}^2left{alpha Aright} (59).
Although the variance of fuzzy variables with respect to the possibility measure and its properties have been studied before, the variance of fuzzy variables on the basis of the credibility measure has not been formally investigated yet due to the intricate process of calculation.
The first 250 trials of experiment 2, before the variance of the prior switched, were identical to experiment 1.
Before the variance or covariance can be decomposed into genetic and residual components, we need to calculate pairwise genomic similarity between all pairs of individuals in the sample using all genetic markers genotyped on the SNP array.
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Such an analysis of concordance rates in twins is often used before applying the variance component models of quantitative genetics with probit link functions, known as biometric liability or threshold models (Sham 1998).
The code in Box S3 of File S1, shows how to obtain samples of heritability from the samples collected before each of the variance components.
Also, as mentioned before, restricting the variances is fundamental to obtain clustering results at different phylogenetic levels.
where μpre and σ pre 2 are the mean and the variance before charge leakage.
When the observed time series presents a trend and heteroscedasticity, differencing and power transformation are applied to the data to remove the trend and stabilize the variance before the ARIMA model can be fitted.
Normality of residuals were checked using the PROC UNIVARIATE function, and as preliminary results were not normally distributed, the biomass data were log(x + 0.5) transformed to stabilise the variance before being analysed (Yamamura 1999) using the same procedure as above.
Relative telomere length measurements were log-transformed before analyses to homogenize the variance among treatments.
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