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The duration of the welfare spell is measured as the number of months on benefits before the sampling date.
Due to the time span between sampling and interview date, not all individuals report a starting date of welfare receipt before the sampling date.
6 We excluded 811 persons with more than one sanction, 989 individuals with a sanction before the sampling date, 181 UBII recipients with a sanction in a former UBII spell and 489 observations with missing information.
Individuals who explicitly state that they have been sanctioned before the sampling date are dropped from the data for the same reason.6 We only consider the event of a sanction as a binary indicator, since precise information on the level of the benefit cut is not available.
To ensure that inflows in the data are not short-term recurrences of welfare episodes, for example due to false reporting or data errors, only persons are regarded who have not been registered in welfare for three months before the sampling date.
History of DDT spray of houses in 'low risk' and 'high risk' villages before the sampling date was in the range of 1 to 144 months.
Similar(52)
The 4.45 billion-year age means that the samples date from before the Earth's crust developed, but after the core formed.
IPD cases were regarded as true vaccine failures if the date of vaccination was at least 14 days prior to the sample date, or the GP reply confirmed they had been vaccinated before the onset of their illness.
The tMRCA for HCV genotype 5a was estimated at 114 134 years before the last sampling date.
An average of 19% of eggs laid in comb sampled from CCD colonies containing high levels of pesticides remained unhatched on day 4, and 60% 90% of unhatched eggs were removed by bees before the next sampling date.
For example, larvae that are common in spring may emerge and oviposit before the summer sampling date.
More suggestions(16)
before the sampling phase
before the sampling uncertainty
before the auction date
before the sampling visit
before the sampling design
before the set date
before the sampling Figure
before the closing date
before the start date
before the sampling procedure
before the sampling process
before the surgery date
before the sampling period
before the index date
before the sampling time
before the exam date
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