27 The cross-sectional survey carried out before the earthquake used the density of inhabitants per room (DIR), or the ratio of people dwelling in a house and the number of rooms occupied including kitchen, living room and bathrooms, as a proxy covariate of socioeconomic status.
Therefore, we estimated the slip deficit before the 2010 earthquake using the catalog after the 1960 huge interplate event.
We detected ionospheric perturbations before the earthquake occurred using Global Positioning System (GPS) data received from the Marmara Continuous GPS Network MAGNETT).
"Before the earthquake I used to always have food to give the children every morning.
"Before the earthquake, there used to be a normal volume of patients.
"Before the earthquake, we used to have an average of 40 patients in our 52-bed capacity centre," says Esha Thapa Dhungana, Executive Director of the centre.
Instrument donations "Before the earthquake, we used to have all the instruments necessary, and practical music classes were an integral part of our study plan," says Ms. Adolphe, turning the pages of a photo album showing students performing at various events.
Therefore, the TEC data derived from four satellites PRN05, PRN06, PRN08 and PRN30 for the TUBI, MERT and KANT stations, during 2 hours before, and after, the earthquake, was used.
This estimation was made using datasets acquired before the earthquake, between 2006 and 2011 (Table 2): (6)where is the threshold of significant coherence difference caused by the earthquake at a pixel, and and are the average and standard deviation of coherence difference calculated by preseismic datasets (Table 2).
Building use before the earthquake is based on the observation of the announcements above the door of the stores and the photographs taken during the fieldwork, Google Maps, as well as information extracted from photographs available in the 3D model of the city of L'Aquila in Google Earth.
