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Our findings imply that RRV had been circulating undetected among raccoons in the ORV zone, and possibly beyond it, for several years before its detection in 2004.
Similarly, TYP187 was detected in bovine isolates 2 years before its detection in human isolates.
Similarly to what happened in other regions, CRF01_AE could have been introduced in Thailand years before its detection in 1989.
However, it was intriguing that the viruses causing the outbreaks in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro States during the last three years share a common ancestor few years before the first reported outbreak (median of 9.8 years ago, and lower value of 5.5 years ago), suggesting that this lineage was already circulating in Brazil before its detection in 2007.
The abnormal production of the egg yolk protein vitellogenin in male fish has now been found in several countries (Damstra et al. 2002), but was probably going on for many years before its detection in several polluted U.K. rivers (Harries et al. 1996).
Our estimate of the most recent common ancestor for the node containing the 2004 2007 Venezuelan sequences was 2001 955% highest posterior density 1997 2003), suggesting that the ancestral lineage existed for ≈3 years in Venezuela before its detection in nonhuman primates in 2004.
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Although the Bayesian methods presented a wide estimate interval, both analysis methods indicate that the variant probably arose 1 2 epidemic seasons before its first detection in Ontario.
Recent reports from cancer screening in high-risk populations, such as smokers, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asbestosis has shown that autoantibodies are detectable before radiographic detection in 26.5% of lung cancer patients (Trivers et al, 1996; Soussi, 2000; Li et al, 2005; Zhong et al, 2006; Qiu et al, 2008).
The background rejection is performed numerically in MPDI, after detection, rather than physically, before detection as in MPAI.
However, during the tracking process, R ti and R rj are unknown before radar detection in Eq. (23).
The fault detection scheme is designed based on some stability criterion of the controlled plant, hence guaranteeing boundedness of system states before fault detection in the presence of a fault.
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