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Before further data analysis, potential treatment effect modifiers such as patient characteristics (e.g. age, sex, severity of disease), care setting, and year of the study should be identified (Section 5.2.7 GMTA).
All datasets were transformed to Z-scores before further data analysis was performed.
We assume for this study that any required normalisation and other preprocessing have been carried out before further data analysis.
Frequently arcsine (sqrt y)) transformation is applied to the raw data to homogenize the variance before further data analysis (47).
For analysis of total mRNA levels, samples obtained from each donor at time 0 were quantile-normalized together before further data analysis.
LOWESS normalization is a method used to normalize a two-color array gene expression dataset to compensate for non-linear dye-bias [ 8] and we typically use this normalization method before further data analysis.
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The background signal was determined before every experiment and removed from the traced signal prior to further data analysis.
Patients were informed before a vacuum biopsy that the collected data would be made available in anonymised form for further data analysis and gave written informed consent [ 17].
That may take years of further observations, data analysis and theoretical work, Dr. Herbst said.
The data were collected by clinicians involved in patients' care and all personal data were immediately anonymised before further analysis or later data collection occurred.
Waveforms were not inverted before data analysis.
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