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After Legionnaire's disease struck in Philadelphia in 1976, it took six months before discovery of the causative bacterium, Legionella pneumophila.
The epidemic has brought a new focus on the power of epidemiology to identify a disease's transmission patterns long before discovery of its cause.
See also the related word kermes which is the source of a similar but weaker Mediterranean dye also called crimson, which was used to color cloth red before discovery of cochineal in the New World.
Before discovery of granulation mechanism, researchers used single ANAMMOX bacterial cells for reactor operation.
For instance, osteoblast-derived IL-6 was the major determinant of osteoclast function before discovery of the RANKL system; the same holds true for IL-1 [24].
The initial phase of the epidemic (time before discovery of the first case) is determined by the number of index patients that start the epidemic outbreak and by the time it takes to diagnose the first case.
Similar(53)
There was little archeological evidence for grain pests in East Asia before the discovery of maize weevil impressions in Jomon pottery in 2004 using the "impression replica" method.
And I mean as in the old-fashioned glowy moment-before-discovery sort of way.
In the present study, men were evaluated before screening (i.e., before the discovery of an abnormal PSA or DRE).
Gibney's descriptions do indicate how surgeons managed patients with septic arthritis in the days before the discovery of methods to identify bacteria and well before antibiotic treatment.
Just as life was puzzling before the discovery of the double helix, free will was puzzling before the discovery of a suitable scientific theory, one that can finally account for the separation between micro and macro level.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com