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In a second set of experiments, the bees were presented with two patterns in the tunnel: the correct one and an incorrect one.
Next, the bees were presented with a series of oval or circular discs, but this time the discs were either matte or iridescent.
In visits 1, 3 and 6, bees were presented with 8 drops of sucrose and 8 of water while in visits 2, 4 and 5, they were presented with 8 drops of sucrose and 8 of quinine solution.
When these highly trained groups of bees were presented with a novel view of the target and distractor face stimuli, only bees in Group 3 were able to recognise the correct face significantly above chance (Fig. 2).
We hypothesize that the reason for this effect is the novelty of the test patterns – after three days of training on the same set of visual patterns, the bees were presented with patterns of increasing novelty in the transfer tests.
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The bees were first presented with cineole (the alternative odour), and then CS without reward.
In trials 2, 4 and 5 the bee was presented with 16 drops of either sucrose (4×1 µL and 4×2 µL) or quinine (4×1 µL and 4×2 µL), which were randomly arranged within the same 4×4 grid.
In trials 1, 3 and 6 the bee was presented with 16 drops of either sucrose (4×1 µL and 4×2 µL) or water (4×1 µL and 4×2 µL), which were randomly arranged within a 4×4 grid on the Plexiglas sheet.
Bees were presented once with the unrewarded odor (CS) to test for retention of LTM.
Once the bees' performance in the basic DMTS task had stabilised, they were presented with new patterns, in which the configuration of dots was randomised.
Thirdly, based on the idea of iterated greedy algorithm, some newly designed schemes for employed bee, onlooker bee and scout bee are presented.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com