In this study, the authors opted to use the sleep apnea cephalometry instrument because it has been validated for Brazilians and presents standard values that may be used as reference [8].
All of the psychological tests used in this study have been validated for the Brazilian population [ 21, 22].
However, to date, no self-report instrument to assess NA to immunosuppressive therapy has been validated for use in Brazilian Portuguese-speaking patients.
Few instruments evaluating teens' HRQoL have been validated for use in the Brazilian socio-cultural context.
In the present study, the decision was made only to evaluate discriminative validity because the scales employed have already been validated for Brazilian Portuguese [ 7, 8, 12, 17].
The KDQOL-SFTM 1.3 has been translated into several languages including Dutch [ 8], Korean [ 9], Italian [ 10], Iranian [ 11], Brazilian [ 12], and Japanese [ 13] and has been validated for various countries.
Major FM symptoms were assessed by the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) [ 23], which has been validated for Brazilian Portuguese [ 24].
Intrafamilial violence against children was measured using the Conflict Tactics Scales: Parent Child (CTSPC) (Straus, Hamby, Finkelhor, Moore, & Runyan, 1998), which was validated for a Brazilian population (Reichenheim & Moraes, 2003).
