In this review, we survey how chemical tools and engineered proteins have been used to perturb developmental processes at the DNA, RNA, protein, and cellular levels.
As a result, chromatophores have long been used to study developmental processes such as cell fate specification, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival.
The zebrafish has traditionally been used to study developmental biology.
Neuroimaging has been used to examine developmental changes of the brain.
PSCs have been used to study developmental pathways in vitro (e.g., Paige et al., 2012; Rada-Iglesias et al., 2012; Wamstad et al., 2012; Xie et al., 2013).
The farmer field school approach has also been used to promote other developmental ideas, such as village savings and loan associations (VSLA) – which have been introduced in Katine - and energy-saving cooking ideas.
For example, brain organoids derived from patient iPSCs have been used to study the developmental pathogenesis of microcephaly caused by a mutation in CDK5RAP2 (Lancaster et al., 2013).
It has been used to study the developmental functions of specific molecules by experimental addition of exogenous growth factors [15], function-blocking antibodies [16], vitamins [17], oligosaccharides [18], drugs [19], antisense oligonucleotides [20] and short interfering RNAs [21]; [21].
In the work described in this paper, microarrays have been used to study the developmental processes occurring during fruit formation from pollination to full tree ripeness.
The term 'fragile X syndrome' has been used to refer to the developmental disorder caused by CGG expansions and other FMR1 mutations.
I say this based on a recent unfortunate series of events, in which the word "inappropriate" has been used to claim moral righteousness and developmental sensitivity.
