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For example, miR-103 and its paralog miR-107 have high and consistent expression in both cancerous and normal mammary tissues, and thus have been used for normalizing miRNA studies comparing mammary cells [42].
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For normalization, robust multiarray analysis (RMA) was used for normalizing Affymetrix gene chips and the linear models for microarray data (LIMMA) package was used with the R program for normalizing the two-color array [ 28].
Chipster also offers a general normalization tool for cDNA arrays that can be used for normalizing other 2-color data.
These two parameters are used for normalizing the energy and performance parameters.
The major aim of this study was to determine a set of stable candidate RGs for catfish, C. batrachus, which can be used for normalizing the qPCR data.
In the proposed model, the sigmoidal function are used for S (RRL/RRD i and S (CNL/FDC i, while the linear function are used for normalizing the other parameters.
Here, D Train is the number of training patterns, and the training mode is used for normalizing the sum, so that any distances are limited to the range [0.0, 1.0].
β-actin and αA-crystallin were used for normalizing the protein load.
The actin data were used for normalizing the gene values; i.e., ng gene/ng actin per well.
GAPDH or 18S was used for normalizing between individual samples.
RMA method was used for normalizing gene expression profiles [ 22].
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