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Therefore, both mature and star regions of miRNA genes have apparently been under purifying selection.
Numit rps13 provides an example of a gene that has experienced site-specific positive selection while the gene as a whole has been under purifying selection.
In particular, the Ultra-CNMSs have been under purifying selection for more than 42 Myr, and some of them for at least 170 Myr.
These results indicate that the coding sequence of the ARGFX homeobox locus, and in particular the homeobox, has been under purifying selection for much of mammalian evolution.
However, nonsense-mediated decay-specific exons for which distant orthologous exons can be found tend to have been under purifying selection, consistent with the regulation model.
Although evidence for purifying selection has been revealed by Z-tests for both the Zp2 and the Zp3 coding haplotype sequences, it remains unknown which sites (or codons) have been under purifying selection.
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When an exon was under purifying selection or selective sweep, hitchhike effects could be present in its flanking introns.
Genes involved in mating were shown to be under purifying selection in C. albicans28, suggesting that they are still functional.
This observation suggested that mtDNA was under purifying selection against deleterious nonsynonymous mutations, coinciding with previous study23,24,25.
Ka/Ks values indicated that most of the tandem and segmental duplication events were under purifying selection.
CADD's mutations are SNVs that are different from the chimpanzee human ancestral alleles and different from the human reference allele, hence presumably would be under purifying selection.
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