The strength maturity relationship of concrete is traditionally determined using standard cubic or cylindrical specimens cured in a laboratory at standard temperature.
The urban heat island (UHI) effect has traditionally been determined using ambient air temperatures or land surface temperatures derived from satellite observations.
Given a pattern Λ, the exact distribution of X n traditionally has been determined using combinatoric analysis on a case by case basis.
Traditionally, flavonolignans are determined using HPLC-UV with phosphoric acid in the mobile phase, which excludes the ability to couple the analyses for mass spectrometric detection [ 14– 16].
Traditionally transporter topology has been determined using hydrophobicity plots which determine the locations of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of the transporter (based on the properties of the amino acids) which correspond to the TM regions, extracellular/cytoplasmic regions respectively.
Traditionally cancer research priorities have been determined using a "group" model of decision-making, where options are advocated for by spokespersons and a judgement of quality and merit made by the group.
Traditionally, the two largest pulmonary disease phenotypes obstructive and restrictive lung diseases—have been determined using physiological, radiological, or histopathological features.
The relationship between species richness and environmental variables traditionally correlated with diversity was determined using a linear multiple regression model, which provided a significant fit for ant species richness (F9,50 = 5.46, p<0.0001, adjusted R2 = 0.40).
Traditionally, the tertiary structure of proteins is determined using experimental methods such as X-ray crystallography, Overhauser Effect Enhanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy (CDR).
Traditionally, receptor specificities of avian- and human-adapted influenza viruses are determined using a red-blood cell (RBC) agglutination assay.
