The SHeS 8 14 and combined SHeS-SMR 36 38 39 have been created through substantial investment and are used extensively as the bases of secondary analysis by the research community; release of these anonymised resources is determined by ISD.
The economic models used by EPA to calculate the estimates are not infallible, but they have been vetted through substantial peer review and represent the state of the art.
Although theory predicts that inbreeding depression in many species is likely to be purged through substantial selfing (Lande and Schemske 1985; Charlesworth et al. 1990), several species practicing mixed mating or even high degrees of selfing are known to maintain significant levels of inbreeding depression (examples in Husband and Schemske 1996; Routley et al. 1999; Goodwillie et al. 2005).
α- Synuclein: five β-sheet regions in α-synuclein have been identified through substantial experimental effort (Heise et al., 2005; Vilar et al., 2007).
According to Mr Dobell, financial markets have been through several years of substantial distortion, partly a result of quantitative easing.
The Norwegian National Health Service has the last years been through a period of substantial growth.
While the adaptive treatment policy places a demand for slightly larger stockpiles, its increased financial burden must be weighted against the inevitably far greater cost savings that would be obtained through substantial reduction in morbidity and therefore hospitalizations during the pandemic.
The Royal Society has forecast that a 10% cut in real terms "would be painful but manageable, and could only be delivered through substantial efficiency savings, and some rebalancing of investment priorities".
In that analysis, the society labeled its flat budget proposal scenario as "Weathering the Storm"—versus "Slash and Burn" and "Game Over" for scenarios representing cash cuts of 10%and20%0% respectively and concluded: "A flat cash settlement would be painful but manageable, and could only be delivered through substantial efficiency savings, and some rebalancing of investment priorities".
If gender differences in achievement are measured through substantial indicators of scientific and professional success, such as scientific publications, research funding and participation in boards and committees, large gaps are still recorded between men and women and are consistent among professionals working in all European regions.
