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These findings suggest that religion evolved from pre-existing cognitive functions, but that it may then have been subject to selection, creating an adaptively designed system for solving the problem of cooperation.
Haplotypes that have been subject to selection will have increased in frequency more rapidly than expected under neutrality, and hence will be associated with extended haplotypes relative to haplotypes that have not been subject to selection.
Conventional methods to adjust for both nonadherence and nonstudy treatments after randomization have been subject to selection bias [1], [4], [5] and higher false-positive rates.
This suggests that scrapie susceptibility alleles have a pleiotropic effect or are associated with fitness or other traits that have been subject to selection.
A branch-sites model [16] identified six sites with a high posterior probability of having been subject to selection; three of these sites are the nonsynonymous substitutions for which the derived alleles define the putatively selected haplotype in Europeans [15].
Our data may, therefore, have been subject to selection bias.
Similar(16)
Consequently, we would not expect these breeds to have been subjected to selection for common morphological or adaptive phenotypes.
This would imply that the retroposon acquired an active promoter and has been subjected to selection pressure.
As with any subsample which is not randomly selected it was subject to selection bias.
Clinic populations are subject to selection bias.
This ultimately means that our study population is subject to selection bias because the most severe cases are not contained.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com