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Therefore, in order to enhance the mechanical behaviour of the beams, specimens have been strengthened using three types of reinforcement: internal reinforcement with struts, 3D external braiding and continuous wrapping by CSM reinforced mineral matrix.
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Glass may be strengthened using one of several processes: temporarily reducing the severity of flaws by fire polishing or "etching" (i.e., chemical polishing); introducing surface compression by overlay glazing, thermal tempering, or ion exchange; and toughening by lamination.
After fire exposure, five slabs were strengthened using two or three layers of the strengthening systems.
Advanced reinforcement: The roof was strengthened using two cables, whose specifications were the same as the upper roof.
(b) Advanced reinforcement: The roof was strengthened using two cables, whose specifications were the same as the upper roof.
One specimen was used as the control beam without any strengthening and six were strengthened using either the EBR or the EBRIG methods.
From the standpoint of the strengthening technique, the specimens were categorized into two groups: six specimens were strengthened by Externally Bonded Reinforcement (EBR) method and the other six specimens were strengthened using Externally Bonded Reinforcement on Grooves (EBROG).
One of them was tested without any strengthening as a reference specimen and the other five specimens were strengthened using BFRP strips with different configurations.
One specimen served as control while the other two specimens were strengthened using CFRP fabric and NSM bars such that they have equivalent capacity at first yielding.
Before testing, four defected beams were strengthened using hybrid system of both EB-CFRP strips and sheets with different configurations.
The repaired beams were strengthened using prefabricated plates.
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