It has been speculated that the environmental release of antibiotics may promote the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial lineages (Davies and Davies, 2010), but this has never been demonstrated for Legionella species.
It has been speculated that genetic and environmental factors can have a cumulative effect, accounting for its varied penetrance and expressivity (Ming and Muenke, 2002).
It has also been speculated that state or environmental factors impacting on arousal levels may modulate the effect of COMT val met genotype upon prefrontal function (Tunbridge et al. 2006).
It has been speculated that infection by microbial pathogens may trigger autoimmune reactions through cross-reactivity, as environmental pathogens present antigens that mimic autoantigens [ 23].
Therefore, it can be speculated that once exposed to an environmental pollutant, such as cigarette smoke, airway cells and tissues experience oxidative and nitrosative stress due to production of endogenous NO. Variants in the NOS genes were not associated with lung function or COPD status.
It is speculated that the NHRs may serve as environmental sensors (Enmark and Gustafsson, 2001; Arda et al., 2010), providing a possible explanation for their variety and numbers.
In this respect, it could be speculated that every adaptation of metabolism to changing environmental cues is ultimately just meant to provide cellular energy needed for conidiation and/or sexual development in an appropriate amount at the ideal time and hence to ensure reproduction and survival of a species.
If CSCs naturally resist environmental stresses, it would be speculated that this population may also escape from cell loss during tumor progression.
As fewer environmental factors are implicated in salt sensitivity than in blood pressure, it can be speculated that fewer genes conferring gene-environment interactions are involved in salt sensitivity.
