In the past two years, several early-flowering genes have been shown to encode putative chromatin-associated proteins in Arabidopsis.
Errors that led to slowed responses deactivated structures in the reciprocal pathway that are known to exert control over dopamine output, and which have been shown to encode error magnitude: ventral midbrain, ventral striatum, and caudal orbitofrontal cortex.
For example, benzo-homologated analogs of the natural DNA bases represent a new genetic set of orthogonal, size-expanded derivatives that have been shown to encode amino acids of a protein in a living organism.
Other genes previously classified as non-coding RNA genes have been shown to encode short functional peptides [24], [25].
The defective TP5 and TP6 elements have been shown to encode a polypeptide devoid of repressive capacities [71].
Second, different affinities of Wnt ligands for distinct receptor subtypes have been shown to encode signal specificity [32] [34].
T. gondii has been shown to encode a functional pterin-4a-carbinolamine dehydratase involved in recycling biopterin but dihydropterin reductase has not been detected (39).
It has previously been shown to encode an endothelial protein that plays a critical role in the lipolytic processing of chylomicrons [80].
Both mother and pup vocalisations have been shown to encode individual identity [39] and pups can use this information to identify their mother's voice [17], [36].
CRISPRs have been shown to encode a specialized defence mechanisms against bacteriophages, and changes in the number of spacers have been associated with phage-susceptibility [12].
Characterized members of this recently described genus are fermenters and have been shown to encode a multitude of eukaryotic genes; their ancestors are hypothesized to have played an important role in the evolution of a proto-eukaryotic organism [58].
