In bacteria, it has been shown that IS 10 transposition events are controlled by a complementary cis-encoded antisense ncRNA [ 70], but this seems unrelated to our observations since the ncRNA sequences matched the sense sequence of the 3' end of the annotated ORFs.
It has been shown that LINE elements (L1) make 5' truncated copies during their transposition mechanism indicating that 5' sequences are not absolutely necessary to insertion [ 41- 43].
However, it has been shown that constitutively active or regulated transposase expression can improve transposition efficiency up to 6 times [ 24].
It is shown that there are at least five permutations between C. gigas and C. virginica (Fig. 3): indel of trnQ1, trnK and duplicated rrnS; transposition of trnN; transpositions of trnG, trnV andMNR; transpositions of trnK1, trnC, rrnS and MNR; and transpositions of trnD, trnM1, trnM2 and trnS2.
Two of these transcripts, tnpA and tnpD, encode proteins that have been shown to be essential for transposition [ 8, 9].
Several factors have been shown to affect the transposition efficiency of SB transposons in vitro.
Only three copies of these hexamers have been shown to be required for transposition [ 23].
A number of eukaryotic species have been shown to possess families of TE that are no longer capable of transposition (Zou et al. 1995; Hellen and Brookfield 2011).
It was shown earlier that IS 6100 is capable of transposing in vivo in C. glutamicum with unique transposition events by forming a cointegrate with the chromosome [ 31].
Although Pong transposase, which was shown previously to catalyze higher transposition frequency than Ping, was used in this experiment to facilitate the yeast transposition assays, its catalytic mechanism is likely indistinguishable from Ping transposase25.
