Nevertheless, infections that do not result in overt illness may have long-term implications for the patient's health, as was shown in cattle that were carriers of Chlamydia spp. but did not show signs of disease (23 ).
Considering the decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased levels of specific small molecule antioxidants, it can be concluded that the increase of the PTAS in transported horses was the result of the intensification of free radical processes in the body, as a result of acting stressors, as it was shown in cattle [ 11].
This association between ERAD II and BSE has been shown in both mice and cattle [53], [54].
Though we are not aware of studies in beef cattle, it has been shown in studies with deer calves (Cervus elaphus) [ 75], foals [ 76] and piglets [ 77] that remaining in the same place after weaning reduces the effects of weaning stress.
Results are shown in Table 2. Cattle, which represented 61% of Puri District's animal population, 9 appear to contribute the greatest environmental mass load of Cryptosporidium oocysts (2.1E+10/day) and Giardia cysts (6.2E+10/day).
Shedding of C. burnetii in milk by infected cattle was shown in studies conducted during the 1940s and 1950s.
Means, standard deviations and percentiles of hematology, serum chemistry and enzyme activities for B. besnoiti seronegative and B. besnoiti seropositive Limousin cattle are shown in Table 3.
The observed allele frequencies for the all autosomal SNPs with a SNP call rate above 92% are shown in Table 5, for each cattle population.
