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Recent studies of grain size and grain filling have identified previously uncharacterized genes for which specific alleles have been selected during crop domestication (Shomura et al. 2008; Wang et al. 2008).
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Several essential crop characters (such as yield, plant architecture and shedding) were selected during the early phase of domestication.
Most of these are traditional varieties and unlikely to have been selected through formal crop improvement.
Here, sink demand in stems declined during flowering, which may be a trait that has been selected to the extreme in domesticated crops, such as grain sorghum, as an unintended consequence of breeding for high grain yields.
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Safflower is considered one of humanities' oldest crops and has therefore been selected for domestication traits over several centuries [ 25].
In contrast, weeds have been selected for "weediness" traits that are the counterpoint for the crop traits listed above [ 22].
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While sugarcane and sweet sorghum may have been selected to utilize different pathways for sucrose phloem unloading from the stem, it will be of exceeding interest to examine the function of TSTs in sweet sorghum and sugarcane to determine if the same gene function has been convergently selected during domestication of the world's major sugar crops.
The panels in Figure 3 are selected regions cropped from the larger reconstruction images that were used for this analysis.
The idea that algorithms might be applied for the high throughput identification of the genes selected during crop improvement has been proposed for a number of plant species.
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