A total number of 43 (58%) had been seen before for a headache by their general practitioner.
We could encounter a rather more unexpected threat, from a pathogen that has never been seen before, for which we have no known effective treatment, and against which we have no way of forearming ourselves.
As discussed above we expected that a selection to improve the activity for one substrate would result in a decrease in the ability to fold other proteins as had clearly been seen before for GroEL and is the very common result of directed evolution where optimizing for one substrate decreases activity for other substrates.
A similar result has been seen before for patients with stable angina, where a model mapping clinical measures on to the EQ-5D indexplainedned 37% of the variability in the EQ-5D index and also performed poorly in individuals with EQ-5D index values of about 0.4 or less [ 15].
While water supplies have made "dramatic" recoveries from droughts before, such as in 1975-76, "sustained recoveries of this magnitude during the late spring and summer have not been seen before," said Terry Marsh, from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH).
With respect to cytokine data, primary cells appear to respond stronger under inflammatory stimuli by releasing the inflammatory cytokines MIP1α and MIP1β under TNFa and IL1b treatment, an observation that has been seen before as a mechanisms for HCC cells for evasion of immune surveillance.
On the campaign trail, Palin would draw crowds the likes of which have never been seen before by a Republican Party candidate for president.
Shaking his head, he noted with resolve, "You can make something unique and something fresh and something that hasn't been seen before if you do it for a responsible budget and you hit your audience.
He tried to create designs and clothing that did not exist anywhere in real life and had never been seen before, designing for example the armor for the Judges on a combination of historical armor, mountain bike gear, and futuristic ideas.
In an interview with The Christian Post, Bancroft elaborated on the way in which he, as the film's director, continued to consider the well-being of his two young daughters while working on Mulan, having "wanted to make ... a unique heroine that hadn't been seen before" and provide for them "someone who would be strong on her own, without a prince saving her".
The fact that a large fraction of places have never been seen before poses a challenge for the prediction task, since - by construction - any model that attempts to predict a place from an alphabet of previously visited places will be unable to predict new, unseen symbols.
