Several fungal species have been reported to secrete large amounts of proteins that lack the typical secretion signals of conventionally secreted proteins, via alternative vesicular pathways (reviewed in [ 50]).
Its application in Y. lipolytica, which has been reported to secrete a wide range of proteins ([Beckerich et al. 1998]), could be essential for immobilization of active heterologous proteins.
Trichophyton species has been reported to secrete collagenase specific for human-native collagen and gelatin [ 10].
Aspegillus oryzae has been reported to secrete many types of enzymes, including protease, amylase, cellulase, and phytase [ 11].
Activated macrophages have been reported to secrete a number of molecules with tumorocidal effects, like nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediates, and thus can partly mediate antitumor activity [ 64].
In previous studies, C. cellulans has been reported to produce an array of plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes, such as endo-β-1,3-glucanases, proteases, and mannanases [ 49]. C. cellulans has also been reported to secrete the lignocellulolytic enzymes, such as cellulase and xylanase, and thus has the capacity for degrading lignocellulosic biomass [ 44, 50, 51].
Islets from LPL-deficient mice were reported to secrete more insulin than islets from normal mice, and the LPL-deficient mice had lower fasting blood glucose levels and no signs of abnormal insulin responsiveness [ 10].
Besides, very few wild prokaryotic organisms were reported to secrete 2-PE.
Lignocellulosic fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides was reported to secrete laccase, MnP, LiP, cellulases and hemicellulases.
uNK cells are reported to secrete angiogenic factors and to promote angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo (Hanna et al., 2006).
Previously, cloned and, as such, preselected CCR6+ cells were reported to secrete IL-17, whereas CCR4+ T cells produce IL-4 [ 11, 12].
