Recently, it has been reported that mutation of GNAQ gene (gene encodes heterotrimetric G protein alpha-subunit) occurred in approximate 50% of UM patients, but not in cutaneous melanoma [17].
It has been reported that mutation of the PNGase ortholog in Neurospora crassa, which was also shown to be inactive for the PNGase activity due to the amino acid change at catalytic triad essential for the deglycosylation activity [18], [22], caused the malformation of hyphae, but the molecular mechanism remains to be determined [23], [24].
The upregulated MCM4 gene in our result is one of the genes involved in DNA replication and cell cycle, it has been reported that mutation in MCM plays a role in cancer development in mice and may increase breast cancer risk in humans [41].
It has been reported that mutation of this motif affected the cellular localization of Vpu.
It has also been reported that mutation of the conserved Y69 in hOGA (BtOGA Y137) to any residue other than F led to a loss in enzymatic activity (Schimpl et al. 2012).
It has been reported that mutation of this gene is associated with many types of human tumors (Podsypanina et al., 1999; Birck et al., 2000; Zhou et al., 2002; Croushore et al., 2005; Stiles, 2009).
Additionally, it has recently been reported that mutations of Fanconi genes compromised the teratoma formation efficiency (Yung et al., 2013), and deficiency of FANCA gene in NSCs resulted in defective neuronal differentiation ability (Liu et al., 2014).
