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Depending on the papillomavirus subtype, it has been reported that entry occurs by clathrin- or caveolin-mediated mechanisms.
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For HPV16, it was reported that entry occurs by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, whereas HPV31 was shown to use caveolar-mediated uptake mechanisms [11], [12].
In the case of HPV16 it was reported that entry is mediated by clathrin-dependent endocytosis [12], [40].
It has been reported that excessive Ca2+ entry through TRPV4 leads to apoptosis in mouse retinal ganglion cells, which may be due to the activation of Ca2+-dependent pro-apoptotic signaling pathways.
On the one hand, it has been reported that this factor stimulates the entry of promastigotes into stationary phase [ 10], whereas Shapira et al. [ 9] on the other hand, observed a different effect with both light and scanning electron microscopy: cell shape was round resembling amastigotes but the flagellum still clearly emerged from the cellular body.
28, 29 For the subsequent entry mechanism, it has recently been reported that NTCP is essential for HBV-specific entry.
It had previously been reported that PC1 inhibited ATP-induced capacitative calcium entry by increasing the rate of Ca2+ uptake to the ER, therefore reducing the stimulus for extracellular Ca2+ entry [11].
Previously, it has been reported that xCT is the HHV-8 fusion-entry receptor [ 14].
It has been reported that BTV-10 infects Hela and Vero cells using CME for entry [45].
It has been reported that sustained ERK1/2 activation is integrin-dependent and crucial to cell cycle entry upon FGF stimulation.
It is reported that the entry of nanosilica into the nucleus induces dysfunction of the nucleus and genotoxicity via aggregation of intranuclear protein or inhibition of RNA transcription [26].
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