Only one case has been reported: in tobacco, NtCDPK2 modulates the activation of stress-induced MAP kinases, and this interaction requires the synthesis and perception of wound hormones [ 12].
It was reported in the same study that PERK modulated the phosphorylation of p38, which affected the target selection of ATF4 to mediate the switch between apoptosis and autophagy.
In particular, indole has been reported to modulate biofilm formation in various bacteria (Lee et al. 2007; Oh et al. 2012; Lee et al. 2015) and persister formation in E. coli (Vega et al. 2012, 2013; Hu et al. 2015; Kwan et al. 2015).
ATZ has also been reported to modulate aromatase activity in vivo and in vitro (Crain et al. 1997; Hecker et al. 2004) potentially resulting in hermaphroditic amphiphibians (Hayes et al. 2002), although this health outcome has been debated (Gammon et al. 2005; Renner 2002).
At least in vitro, alterations in autophagy have been reported to modulate G2019S LRRK2-induced neurite shortening and the expression of R1441G LRRK2 leads to the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and multivesicular bodies [23], [46].
Light deprivation (LD) has been reported to modulate M1 excitability in control subjects (CS).
Besides PGC-1α and PGC-1β, a number of nuclear transcription regulators have been reported to modulate mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes and/or adipose tissue, including PR domain containing 16 (Preceptor19], receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) [20], estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) [21], small heterodimer partner (SHP) [22] and retinoblastoma protein (pRB) [23], [24].
However, to date no miRNAs have been reported to modulate muscle development in beef cattle.
Two protein kinases, Yak1 and Rim15, have been reported to modulate Msn2 function in response to PKA activation (see [ 5] for a review).
Statins have been reported to modulate the host response in controlled models of human inflammation induced by intravenous or intrabronchial administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
