Several miRNAs have been shown to affect late stages of adipocyte differentiation, and the expression of other miRNAs has been reported during osteoblast differentiation [ 38- 41].
Relatively high expression of miRNA*'s have been reported during zebrafish development [ 39] and in Japanese flounder [ 9].
However, it has been reported that certain miRNA might lack miR* reads due to strong asymmetric strand selection during miRNA processing [ 34].
Recently, it has been reported that miRNAs exist in blood.
This has been reported for other miRNAs.
The noncoding latency-associated transcript (LAT) gene is highly expressed during HSV or HCMV latency and encodes a series of miRNAs15,25,26,37,38. Previous studies have focused on the interaction between viral miRNAs and viral genes, and it has been reported that LAT-encoded miRNAs not only inhibit the HSV IE genes ICP0 and ICP4 but also regulate histone modification8,25,38,39.
Recently, it has been reported that Smads participate in miRNA biogenesis.142 However, these physiological regulation brought out by miRNAs could be important for balancing bone formation and bone resorption processes.
Though unlike animal system where translational repression has been reported more prevalent than transcript decay during miRNA targeting, recent studies have reported existence of translational repression in plants too, as discussed above.
Since these miRNAs had been reported to remain constant during the diversification of land plants [30], we can infer the functions of miRNAs in P. yezoensis based on the functions known in land plants.
The expression of these miRNAs has been reported to be high during embryonic development and in human embryonic stem cells [ 49, 50].
