Besides vitamin C being as one of the important antioxidants, recently, it has also been reported as a modulator of BBB integrity and mitochondria morphology.
This is an important question because Polycomb has been reported as a general modulator of lineage control in pluripotent cells.
DcR3 has been reported as an immuno-modulator that skews immune response into type II macrophages but also induces dendritic cell apoptosis [ 28, 30].
Dopamine has been reported as an important modulator of sodium balance, renal and adrenal function, and blood pressure and is relevant to the pathogenesis and/or maintenance of hypertension.
However, para-F-substituted benzyl indole analog of compound 4 has been reported as a cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor modulator [ 7].
Compounds 1 and 2/ 3 were synthesized by Pfizer in 2009 [ 10] and Banister in 2015 [ 7], respectively, and were reported as potent cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor modulators.
Recently, Rspo has been reported to act as modulators of Wnt signaling pathway.
9– 12 In addition, CAFs have recently been reported to function as modulators of immune systems through secretion of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and other immune suppressive cytokines, creating the milieu in which antitumor immune responses are impaired.
Palmitoylated peptides have been reported to act as modulators, which target proteins at the intracellular surface of the membrane through a "flip" process (Covic et al, 2002; Tressel et al, 2011).
Just as we used Pathway Studio to compile a list of autophagy-modulating genes, proteins, and complexes, we next used Pathway Studio to identify 385 small molecule modulators of autophagy: 95 negative modulators (Table S1H), 268 positive modulators (Table S1I), and 22 compounds that have been reported to modulate autophagy both negatively and positively (Table S1J).
