The desirable difficulty effect observed in Experiments 1 and 2 was replicated in Experiments 3A, 3B, and 3C, despite varying encoding intent during study, context reinstatement at the time of test, study list length, and the nature of the distractor task between study and test phases.
This pattern of results was replicated in Experiment 2. These results provide compelling evidence that mind-wandering rates can be influenced by the experimental design.
This pattern was replicated in Experiment 3 in which pictures and words were named along with their gender marked definite determiner, and were intermingled within the same experimental design.
The time cost observed in Experiment 1 was replicated in Experiment 2. After subtracting the time spent on the math problems, interruption trials (M = 148.2, SD = 63.29) were searched significantly longer than control trials (M = 130.48, SD = 51.08), t(26) = 2.08, p = 0.048, Cohen's d = 0.31 (see Fig. 5a).
In Experiment 1, better recognition of blurry than clear words was observed, a result that contrasts with those reported by Yue et al. This result was replicated in Experiment 2, in which both mixed-list and pure-list designs were used.
This result was replicated in experiment 3 where the difference in mean confidence ratings between trained and untrained sequences was also significant (t 9) = 2.46, p<0.05).
However, the overall RT pattern was noticeably different between English and Chinese, a finding that was replicated in Experiment 3 with Chinese English bilinguals.
This effect was replicated in Experiment 2 with a design which also allowed us to establish the relative contribution of calories versus carbonation to the expected satiation of these beverages.
The critical question was whether the pattern of results obtained in Experiment 1 (ADAN of similar size for effector and direction cues; reliable LDAP for both types of cues, but larger LDAP amplitudes in the effector information condition) would be replicated in Experiment 2 under conditions of full response information, and no spatial uncertainty.
The effects of perceptual load on correct detection rates and d' were replicated in Experiment 4: F(18 18) = 4.79, p =.042, ηp =.329, for correct detection rates, and F 1, 18) = 10, p =.005, ηp =.48, for d'.> As in Experiments 1– 3, the results were unchanged when reanalyzed with the incorrect search trials included.
