Overall, the results demonstrate the potential selection pressure imposed by anthropogenic pollution and provide evidence that genetic erosion in natural Daphnia populations is related to anthropogenic impact.
Biological fixation in natural landscapes was the primary source of DIN to many LMEs, but in most (73%) LMEs, over half of the total DIN load was related to anthropogenic sources.
The latest two eolian depositional phases, occurred at ca. 190 and 70 yr ago, during the historic period with European settlement and are related to anthropogenic landscape disturbance, though the youngest phase was concomitant with 1930s drought.
If the stronger storms in the Strait of Dover are related to anthropogenic warming (a warmer atmosphere and sea translates into more energy available to a storm event) is unclear.
According to Qadir et al. (2008) spatial variations in surface water is related to anthropogenic and natural processes and caused by various factors viz., temperature, solar angle, meteorological events, stream origin, velocity, vegetation types and coverage and land-use types in the basin (Qadir and Malik 2009).
Uniformly positive values of neutrality tests in this region may indicate a bottleneck in these populations, although it is unclear whether this result could be related to anthropogenic factors.
Social factors tend to be related to anthropogenic drivers of system transitions (e.g., economic aspects of fertilizer use that drives lake eutrophication cycles (Carpenter et al. 2001)).
However, in addition to the haplotypes from both clades occurring on the island there are as well mainland haplotypes that are also found in the geographically closest mainland populations (Presidio and Pacifica), suggesting that this contact zone was established naturally rather than being related to anthropogenic introductions.
According to modeling results, these long-term changes have been related to volcanic, solar and anthropogenic forcings [12].
