Long before technologies for GWASs were available, it was recognized that differences in ancestry between cases and controls can present a substantial confounding effect in case-control studies [ 4].
As mentioned previously, it has been recognized that there are wide differences in the clinical manifestations of ASD patients, and it is reasonable to assume that the biology underlying the disease in a patient with language and social impairment may be entirely different from the biological mechanisms leading to a clinical picture of intellectual disability, seizures, and repetitive behaviors.
It has long been recognized that there are striking ethnic differences in the incidence and prevalence rates of ESKD [ 2].
While mouse and human AQP4 are 93% homologous, it is recognized that small differences in amino acid sequences, e.g. single residue substitutions, in heterologous proteins can have important effects on MHC binding as well as TCR-mediated stimulation [24], [25].
Nevertheless, it is recognized that ethnic differences in physiological responses to sex hormones might occur and might be due to factors other than the serum hormone levels (5).
However, it should be recognized that gender differences in GH responsiveness are largely eliminated nowadays when GH dose is titrated against serum IGF-I rather than being a fixed quantity based on body size.
In addition, it must be recognized that observed differences between demographic groups in the strength of the associations could be due to many factors, such as truly different effects of air pollution in different groups, different levels of exposure measurement error, or chance.
Nevertheless, to achieve high accuracy in the very short horizon, it should be recognized that the difference between VSTLF and STLF in practice is two-fold.
It is recognized that a 29% difference in price is seen between private and state-funded care [ 15].
In most universities, it is recognized that there is a difference between a "dissertation" and a "book". Implicit in this distinction is the fact that a few dissertations will be made into books at a later point in the scholar's career.
