New functions have been recently identified, including MYBs involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis [ 37- 41] and hormone induced responses.
In addition to gluten, other triggers involved in NCGS pathogenesis have been recently identified including wheat proteins (i.e. amylase- and trypsin- inhibitors) [ 7] and fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) [ 8, 9].
Several new species were recently identified including Mycobacterium chimaera, Mycobacterium colombiense, Mycobacterium arosiense, Mycobacterium vulneris, Mycobacterium marseillense, Mycobacterium timonense, Mycobacterium bouchedurhonense, Mycobacterium mantenii, and Mycobacterium yongonense [ 15– 20].
Several mechanisms by which oncogenes induce replication stress were recently identified, including insufficient nucleotide pools to support the extensive enforced DNA replication (Bester et al, 2011; Mannava et al, 2013), interference with the pre-replication complex assembly (Ekholm-Reed et al, 2004) and the collision between replication and transcription (Jones et al, 2013).
Potential signals triggering autophagy in hepatic stellate cell have been recently identified and they include oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress [ 34], which are recognized signals for hepatic stellate cell activation in vitro and in the injured liver.
Three of the four loci had been recently identified in GWAS that included much larger numbers of participants.
Fleas play a major role in the transmission of feline Bartonella (7 ), but other potential vectors, such as ticks and biting flies have been recently identified to harbor Bartonella DNA, including B. henselae (8, 9 ).
In addition, E2F repressors, including E2F7, have been recently identified has negative regulators of p21CIP1/WAF1 transcription.
Dysregulation of these molecules, including miR-155 [20], has been recently identified in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases [20].
