Ecological and genetic evidence indicates that the racial divergence within these species was produced by differences in the abundance (or degree of protection) of different mimicry rings in different refuges, as have lasted for several thousand years, with the species coming to mimic whichever abundant, protected species was within reach by a single mutation.
To test whether the interaction was produced by differences in the expected direction (perceptual < semantic during encoding, and semantic < perceptual during retrieval), planned comparisons were then performed for the visual and memory task independently, with question type as fixed effect.
Based on quantitative and historical evidence, we suggest that differences between established and non-established congregations are produced by differences in religious tradition and immigration flows, not by differences in levels of establishment.
Deep-sea currents are produced by differences in salinity and temperature.
The antigens are located on two Rhesus proteins RhD and RhCE and are produced by differences in their protein sequences.
This result suggests that, to a certain extent, the integration observed in the resources allocated to floral components in P. cambessedesii could be produced by differences in size.
Because differences in life expectancy between groups are produced by differences in the cause-specific incidence of deaths as well as by differences in the cause-specific mean ages at death, convergence in life expectancy comes from reductions in either or both factors.
The reduction in the value of integration when size was taken into account was more pronounced for dry mass allocation, indicating that a higher part of the observed integration could be produced by differences in size, compared to the observed integration for P allocation, which almost did not vary after having controlled by size (Table 1).
We note that the error variance with the expression σERROR2 is the variance of an error map, which is produced by differencing the predicted and true vorticity maps.
These genetic differences may have been produced by either random effects (drift, founder effects, etc).
