Finally, although direct costs have been previously studied, the extent to which PAD affects indirect costs through lost productivity has not been previously investigated.
Nickel salt has been previously studied [26].
The feasibility of this concept, together with friction loss behaviour and corresponding mechanisms of biomass slurry flows through pipelines, was previously studied by the authors.
The loss of stromal keratocytes due to phagocytosis and apoptosis by Acanthamoeba has been previously documented through in vitro studies [ 8, 31].
It has been previously shown through in vitro studies that cyclin D1 can influence androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell proliferation through its dual ability to modulate both CDK4 and AR activity (Petre-Draviam et al, 2005; Burd et al, 2006a).
This behavior had been previously predicted through in vitro experiences by studying the viability loss of bacteria deposited not directly on the irradiated surfaces but on thick films which had been deposited on the irradiated Ti6Al4V samples [28].
This genome-scale reconstruction is the most comprehensive model of yeast metabolism to date and has been previously validated through in silico gene deletion studies [ 20] and the calculation of key physiological parameters [ 21].
In addition to the expected roles for protein chaperones and other cell-autonomous mechanisms that have been previously identified through cell- or biochemistry-based studies, work in C. elegans has also identified surprising cell-non-autonomous mechanisms that contribute to cellular protein folding in an organismal context (Garcia et al., 2007; Prahlad et al., 2008; Prahlad and Morimoto, 2011).
Last September the controversial Stanford University "gaydar" study made use of a massive Facebook dataset that had been previously harvested through a similar personality quiz process as that used by the Kogan dataset at the center of the Cambridge Analytica scandal.
