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It has been previously shown using metaphase IF-FISH that X-derived minichromosomes exhibit decreased CENP-A fluorescence with smaller chromosome size [22].
The minimum threshold of 5% for inclusion was chosen as it has been previously shown using control-region databases, that frequently derived, phylogenetically recent lineages typically comprise 3% 4% of the total samples for a community [29].
This observation is not novel; 18, 19 however, it has not been previously shown using patient-level data such as demonstrated here.
In this context, it noteworthy that ewlR21 has a slightly reduced lifespan in this assay and has been previously shown, using these ILs, to contain a CB4856 allele that reduces lifespan (Doroszuk et al. 2009).
It has been previously shown using scanning force spectroscopy to study the protein adhesion on dental surfaces that adhesion forces should be correlated to DCA surface coverage by BSA since no hydrophobic surfaces or covalent bonds were involved in this adsorption process [ 21].
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It was previously shown using a CRE-SEAP reporter gene assay that isoamylamine and cyclohexylamine stimulate intracellular cAMP formation via activation of the mouse TAAR3 [8].
It was previously shown using immunoprecipitation experiments that Robo and Comm form a biochemical complex in vitro [12]; the formation of this complex is likely to be required for sorting, since the interaction is specific for Robo but not for Fra.
It was previously shown, using DNA hybridization techniques, that HPV could not be detected in 11 oropharyngeal samples taken from neonates (1-day-old).
Similar results were previously shown using mouse models with alterations in other components of TGF-β signaling, including Smad3, LTBP3 and Smurf2 [ 7- 9].
It was previously shown, using PBMCs from normal human donors, that B. burgdorferi stimulation of dendritic cells induced NK cells to secrete IFN-γ [ 22].
As was previously shown using three-dimensional reconstitution of ultrathin serial sections [ 26- 29], the mitochondrial profiles in skeletal muscles are united to the mitochondrial reticulum stretching along the muscle fiber.
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