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The co-occurrence of high frequency beneficial mutations has been previously observed during experimental evolution of microvirid phages in batch culture (φX174 and G4 phages; [ 23]).
Even though AP activity has been previously observed during nodule senescence [ 36], to our knowledge this is the first time that a specific AP has been isolated and characterized during nodule development.
Although growth pauses have been previously observed during filament elongation measured using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy (Kuhn and Pollard, 2005; Fujiwara et al., 2007), these pauses were attributed to artifacts and were not characterized further.
As Bcl-xL phosphorylation on S62 has been previously observed during mitotic arrest, we then focused our attention on this residue to define whether this post-translational Bcl-xL modification could modulate Bcl-xL function in mitotic response.
Approximately the same yield of gene-positive clones had been previously observed during TAR cloning of this genomic region with vectors lacking ARS and a counter-selectable marker [ 7, 15].
Next, we monitored the localisation of two proteins involved in transcriptional silencing, namely Sir3p and Rap1p, during chronological aging, because the redistribution of the Sir complex from the telomeres to the nucleolus has been previously observed during replicative aging (Sinclair et al. 1997).
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Yet another distribution pattern was previously observed during division of yeast cells, where clustering of peroxisomes tends to be restricted mainly to the bud [35].
However, as it was previously observed during B. cinerea infection [33], we observed a much stronger oxidative stress in the bos1 mutant than in the WT after D. dadantii infection 3 dpi when necrosis started (Fig. 4B).
An increase in the levels of glutathione was previously observed during ripening of Koshu and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes [ 23].
We did not detect any expression in ventral cord motor neurons or intestinal cells as was previously observed during worm development (Gleason et al., 2006).
In the last eight years this direction was previously observed during 5 historical seasons with (co) dominant and generally more virulent A (H3N2) influenza virus [ 33].
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