For these reasons, it is unclear whether the responses of the natural bacterioplankton community are temperature dependent, mirroring what has been observed in artificial experiments (Hoppe et al. 2008).
A higher variability in curvature and hence size and shape has been observed in artificial model vesicles using partially truncated pUL31/34 constructs without the genuine membrane anchor (Bigalke et al., 2014, Lorenz et al., 2015).
While in physiological glucose solution after approximately 100 h of operation gradually increasing performance degradation occurs, rapid electrode polarization within 24 h is observed in artificial tissue fluid.
The highest yield of biomass of I. aquatica was observed in artificial soil prepared by mixing subsoil with 4% (wet weight/wet weight) of horticultural compost and 2% (dry weight/wet weight) of sewage sludge.
It is interesting to note that a P2 modulation can also be observed in artificial language streams similar to those used in our study, without embedded structural dependencies, only when the words in the stream contain a systematic stress pattern [17].
The effect of BRMS1 on migration and invasion was observed in artificial wound healing assay, transwell invasion array in vitro.
Sperm motility was observed in artificial seawater (ASW) containing 462 mM NaCl, 9 mM KCl, 10 mM CaCl2, 48 mM MgCl2, and 10 mM HEPES NaOH (pH 8.2).
If the major obstacle were the dependence of a trait's influence on fitness on the presence of a particular combination of other traits in an individual, then such effect could not be observed in artificial selection experiments.
Consequently, emergent behavior may be observed in artificial electrical random networks of mixed resistive and reactive entities, thereby providing another basis to explain the occurrence of emergent behavior within the plasmodium.
We hypothesize that, in these rat strains, phenotype-driven selection may have resulted in "artificial selective sweeps" with fixation of sequence variants that underlie disease phenotypes, as has been observed in the artificial selection of a number of other disparate but benign traits in different species (Rubin et al., 2010; Wright et al., 2005; Xia et al., 2009).
However, the endogenous RecA activity may cause undesirable recombination, as has been observed in yeast artificial chromosome systems.
