White balance for all images was normalized to a single immunoblot using Photoshop CS5 software (Adobe, San Jose, CA) to equalize background intensity.
The average of log real wages is normalized to 1982 84 prices, by a single-year potential experience.
For convenience, the average path loss (5) for this single interferer is normalized to 1, i.e., λ n = 1, so (10) reduces to G n ≈ G f, n G s, n. (14).
As for the refrigerating effects, the data from single metabolite measurements were normalized to the "day 0 sample".
The data from single metabolite measurements were normalized to the "day 0 sample" of each treatment and sample modification, in order to depict the variability from storage over time on the abscissa, while variability from sample modification and multiple measures is depicted as standard deviation (SD).
All single quote forms (single curly quotes, single guillemets) are normalized to '; all double quote forms (double curly quotes, double guillemets) are normalized to ". Em dashes and en dashes are both normalized to --.
The single pulse fluorescence maximum was normalized to 1 au.
For the second-level (group) analysis, single-subject contrast maps were normalized to the Talairach coordinate reference system (Talairach and Tournoux 1988) using AFNI.
To account for the effects of animal size and walking velocity, stride length, step width, percentage stance time, and the single-limb support phase were normalized to the predicted gait profile of weight- and velocity-matched naïve Lewis rats.
Peak heights were normalized to RPM for each replicate, and the normalized values were averaged to compute a single value for each condition.
