Each payload QAM symbol is modulated using a 4-QAM modulation alphabet.
The preamble is the first symbol of transmission frame, of which the subcarriers are modulated using a boosted BPSK modulation with a specific pseudo noise (PN) code.
The user symbols are generated from an i.i.d distribution and are modulated using a pseudo-random quaternary phase shift keying (QPSK) sequence.
In the last step of DARTEL, the GM tissues are modulated using a non-linear deformation approach to compare the relative GM volume adjusted for individual brain size.
The potential (V) was modulated using a simulated feedback circuit to maintain the temperature at the hottest tissue node to <105 °C.
Energy-efficient high performance VCSEL is modulated using a 27-1 patternttern and the signal transmitted on a G.655 fibre utilizing the minimum attenuation window.
The evaluation of the BER, plotted in Figure 12, assumes perfect channel knowledge in combination with a one-tap zero-forcing equalizer to recover the data symbols, which are modulated using a 4-QAM symbol constellation.
In this study, the expression of 4 genes encoding α-acetolactate synthase, α-acetolactate decarboxylase, 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase, and NADH oxidase was modulated using a previously developed cocktail δ-integration strategy.
A total of 2,436 genes were modulated, using a 2.0-fold cut-off, between 3 and 24 hours post-infection.
In another study, the immune system was modulated using a CD40 agonist.
