Another phylogenetic analysis of catalytic domain sequences from various organisms showed that sequences of animal, fungi, and bacteria belong to different lineage; however, chitinase genes from lepidopteran insects and baculoviruses originated from bacteria and were maintained through evolution since they transferred laterally [62].
It is therefore difficult to determine how conservation has been maintained through microsporidian evolution, and impossible to identify whether certain regions are more prone to genomic stasis.
It is unlikely that the envelope gene has been maintained as a result of retroviral replication through an extracellular cycle, since the sites of integration have been maintained through simian evolution.
Further, that the four JPs are conserved in both invertebrate and vertebrate TR orthologue genes suggest that the gene organization of vertebrate TR genes is ancient and has been maintained through out evolution of TRs.
First, recall the original mutualistic conundrum: natural selection should favor the evolution of cheaters, so how is it that this mutualism can be maintained through millions of years of evolution?
The interpretation that gene repertoire polymorphism in the lsr operon is maintained through a process of social evolution is further strengthened by the observation that luxS, the signal synthase, is present in all strains (fig. 2) even though we detect no fitness effect in the single-gene knockout mutant monocultures (fig. 3).
The alteration of gene expression cascades due to the activity of the fusion proteins may be essential for the DNA hypomethylation pattern in patients with t(1 19) and the other translocations, which presumably occur in the early stages of leukemic transformation and are maintained through cellular division and clonal evolution.
