Caffeine has long been linked to adverse effects in pregnant women, prompting many expectant mothers to give up coffee and tea.
The panel did find convincing evidence, its highest category of proof, that in rare cases vaccines have been linked to adverse effects, including seizures and inflammation of the brain.
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Maternal smoking has been linked to adverse effects on selenium metabolism in the developing foetus.
A toxic metabolite, N-desethyloxybutynin, has been linked to adverse reactions to oral oxybutynin.
The fact that also hypochloremia has been linked to adverse outcomes in postoperative patients in a number of small-scale studies may point in this direction [6, 7].
Ambient air pollution exposure has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, but few studies have investigated its relationship with pregnancy loss.
Inadequate sleep (e.g., an insufficient duration of sleep per night) can reduce physical performance and has been linked to adverse metabolic health outcomes.
Variants in the folate metabolism pathway affect the accumulation of homocysteine are modified by nutrient levels and have been linked to adverse birth outcomes.
Additionally, certain variations in the human ITPA gene have been linked to adverse reactions to the immunosuppressive prodrugs azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine and protection against ribavirin-induced hemolytic anemia.
To investigate whether in utero opioid exposure, which has been linked to adverse neurodevelopmental and social outcomes, is associated with altered DNA methylation of opioid-related genes at birth.
