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The MDRD equation had not been initially validated in older people, and the mean age was 50.6 ± 12.7 years.
Continuous values are presented as median (interquartile range 25 to 75); CRP, C-reactive protein; DAS, disease activity score; VAS, visual analogue score The diagnostic performances and cut offs of all the serological assays used in this study have been initially validated in Caucasians.
Almost all of the drugs tested would have been initially validated in mouse subcutaneous xenograft models, and if these combined trials were viewed as an experiment to ask whether these models mimicked the response in humans then, with 96.2 % of humans failing to respond as in the mouse models, the conclusion would clearly be negative.
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As well, the PSQ-18 was initially validated in a population that was not exclusively psychiatric and its native validity might not apply as well to the psychiatric population.
In this study, our technique was initially validated in a series of animal experiments designed to detect regional perfusion variations in vivo.
The pyrosequencing assay for MGMT methylation was initially validated in a series of dilutions of in vitro methylated: unmethylated DNA.
The PBPK model and assumptions were initially validated in rats and dogs following i.v. and oral administration.
The SOFA was initially validated in a mixed, medical-surgical ICU population [ 31, 36] and has since been validated and applied in various patient groups [ 37- 39].
41 The IPET was initially validated in a prospective study of acutely hospitalized elderly patients that demonstrated PIM prescribing in 12.5% of patients.
An additional tool, Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS), was initially validated in simulated operative settings and uses direct observation of individuals on a team [ 53].
This assay was initially validated in experimental autoimmunity and shown to have greater than 90% specificity and 8% sensitivity for SSc [ 39].
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