DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01914.015 We simultaneously model antigenic locations and genetic relatedness by assuming that virus locations are influenced by evolution following a Brownian motion process (Lemey et al., 2010).
While an appropriate object of explanation is always something that can be influenced by evolution, this does not necessarily mean natural selection; mutation, drift and migration need full consideration.
This is most obvious in B. pilosicoli suggesting it has been influenced by reductive evolution for a longer time.
This minimizes the risk of bias as information collected retrospectively might have been influenced by the evolution of the pregnancy in terms of pregnancy complications, fetal malformations, risk of Down 's syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities.
From domestication to the current pattern of differentiation, domestic species have been influenced by reticulate evolution with multiple events of migration, introgression, and isolation; this has resulted in a very large number of breeds.
For expanded subfamilies, such as in the case of the KRTAP20 in wallaby with 38 members, we tested if this species-specific expansion has been influenced by adaptive evolution.
Currently, we are in the process of using this to investigate the transcriptional changes that occur in this fish over the first four days of exposure to 4°C in order to better understand how their response to heat has been influenced by the long evolution of Antarctic notothenioid fishes in constant freezing water temperatures.
Therefore, Nothobranchius phylogenetic history seems to have been influenced by geological events that shaped evolution also of other fish assemblages, but also by paleoclimatic transitions (aridification) that shaped evolution of savannah tetrapods.
For biochemical networks, the network topology is clearly important, because these networks have been influenced by billions of years of evolution.
Theoretical models equally predict the evolution of syndromes in which dispersal ability influences or is influenced by the evolution of other life history traits [ 18, 33], even if sometimes they come to a different conclusion than verbal or correlative approaches [ 34].
