Although C. hominis and C. parvum (cattle genotype) cause most infections, humans can be infected by several other Cryptosporidium species or genotypes: C. meleagridis; C. felis; C. canis; C. suis; C. muris; C. andersoni; C. hominis monkey genotype; C. parvum (mouse genotype); and Cryptosporidium rabbit genotype, deer genotype, skunk genotype, horse genotype, and chipmunk genotype I (1 – 4 ).
The species may be infected by several different parasites and by two hantaviruses.
According to a 2006 study, the Noronha skink is infected by several parasitic worms, most frequently by the nematode Spinicauda spinicauda.
Since then, it has been found that queens can be infected by several honeybee pathogens, including Nosema sp. and viruses [20] [22].
During the course of their life, humans are infected by several strains of influenza virus.
Therefore, this observation further supports the conclusion that a large fraction of the cells were infected by several particles.
Adding to the complexity, individual cereal crops can be infected by several rust fungi adapted to the specific crop.
Indeed, microbial agents are nested in patients because they could be infected by several agents; patients are nested in sites and countries.
CB5 virus was isolated from an infant chimpanzee with a fatal illness (12 ), and mice can be infected by several coxsackie viruses.
P. patens is infected by several known plant pathogens, including Pectobacterium species, Botrytis cinerea, and Pythium species, and in response to infection defense mechanisms similar to those induced in flowering plants are activated [ 24- 26].
