Tenascin-C (TN-C) is an extracellular matrix protein and its large isoform has been implicated in tumor progression.
Alterations of the epigenome have been implicated in tumor progression, development of chemotherapy resistance, persistence, and survival of cancer stem cells.
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway has been implicated in tumor angiogenesis, and inhibition of the VEGF pathway is considered an efficacious method for treating cancer.
Cellular senescence has been implicated in tumor suppression, development, and aging and is accompanied by large-scale chromatin rearrangements, forming senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHF).
Telomerase activity is an invariable finding where human telomerase (hTERT) has been implicated in tumor oxidative stress and redox-mediated malignancy.
MMPs are up-regulated in many tumors and have been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis.
Among such enriched pathways we found several prominent signaling pathways that have been implicated in tumor biology.
IL-10 overproduction by TAMs at the tumor site has been implicated in tumor mediated immune suppression [39].
It has been implicated in tumor promotion and in the regulation of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1).
Recently, Her2/neu has been implicated in tumor angiogenesis.
Integrin β8 has been implicated in tumor cell invasiveness [ 11].
