The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) has been implicated in studies of both executive and social functions.
This region has also been implicated in studies of obesity associated with antipsychotic medication.
A general role of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptation has been implicated in studies where muscle contractile activity activates the p38 MAPK pathway [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] as well as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) activity [6] and gene expression [1], [7], [8], [9], [10].
Calpain proteases and the proteasome have also been implicated in studies in vitro using neuroblastoma cell extracts (18).
Indeed, climatic variables have been implicated in studies of species richness and diversification of a wide range of organisms, including angiosperms [ 21], amphibians [ 22], reptiles [ 23], vertebrates [ 24], insects [ 25], and birds [ 26, 27], among others [ 19].
The TPJ has also been implicated in studies that require attention or re-orienting (Decety and Lamm 2007) and the event-related potential (ERP) component, the P300 is thought to index this processes, is related to activation of the TPJ, and is one of the most consistently reported ERP abnormalities in schizophrenia (Turetsky et al. 2007).
Premotor cortex is implicated in studies of rhythm and timing.
92 of 1143 GWAS alleles were implicated in studies of non-European populations, and the remaining 1051 alleles were re-analyzed to determine whether this had any effect.
However a wider range of cytoskeletal proteins, such as tubulin, were implicated in studies investigating thermal stress in mussels, with a suggestion that this was due to the changing requirements for cell proliferation [ 18, 54, 62].
A p value≤0.050 was considered statistically significant because most HLA alleles and haplotypes highlighted in this work have been implicated in earlier studies.
This review has undertaken a systematic evaluation of these studies, identifying the pathways that have been implicated in these studies, including central nervous system pathways, cardiac channelopathies, immune dysfunction, metabolism/energy pathways, and nicotine response.
