Sentence examples for been implicated in intrinsic from inspiring English sources

Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities have been implicated in intrinsic post-zygotic barriers [ 8] and involved in mito-nuclear gene interactions in the fruit fly Drosophila [ 5], the parasitoid wasp Nasonia [ 12- 14], the Atlantic eel Anguilla [ 15, 16] and the marine copepod Trigriopus californicus [ 4, 17, 18].

The three residues, M81 and A90 in GyrA and R482 in GyrB have been shown to be implicated in "intrinsic" quinolone resistance of M. tuberculosis [13], [14].

The tyrosine kinase, c-Abl, is a protein belonging to the Src family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases that has been implicated in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, triggered in response to DNA damage (Yamaguchi et al, 2010).

To gain further insights into the mechanisms involved in carbohydrate surfactant-mediated apoptosis, we investigated the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), an early facet in apoptosis that has been implicated in initiating the intrinsic pathway [38].

The rate of metabolism and cumulative oxidative damage to DNA and proteins, as well as genomic instability and mutations to mitochondrial DNA, have all been implicated in determining the intrinsic rate of cell aging and ultimately, species' life-span (Cevenini et al, 2008; Vijg & Campisi, 2008).

Furthermore, cancer-associated fibroblasts and the FGF/FGFR signaling pathway have been implicated in the development of intrinsic and acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs in patients with NSCLC 29– 329

Triptolide has been implicated in activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways by inducing caspase-8, −9 and 3 as well as by inducing cleavage of PARP [ 24, 25].

It has been implicated in activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by shifting the balance of the multifunctional B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family away from Bcl-2 survival signaling towards induction of proapoptotic factors such as Bax and PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis), which contribute to caspase cascade activation.

Increased expression of anti-apoptotic factors such as Bcl-XL, which affects the intrinsic pathway, have been implicated in decreased apoptosis.

Furthermore, multiple mechanisms have also been implicated in acquired resistance, but their relationship to intrinsic resistance remains to be defined.

Such "intrinsic sensitization" has been implicated in the increment phase of the rat acoustic startle response [ 37] and the monosynaptic ventral root reflex of the frog spinal cord [ 38].