In a number of organisms, siRNAs have been implicated in silencing retrotransposable elements [ 7, 14].
These segments have been implicated in key mechanistic elements of NSS function including regulatory phosphorylation and the actions of psychostimulants.
These repeat elements have been implicated in an RNAi like mechanism for silencing viral elements [94], [95], [97].
The siRNA-dependent pathway has recently been implicated in correcting hypomethylation of transposable element sequences induced by ddm1 [49].
Both class I elements (retrotransposons) and class II elements (transposons, including foldback elements) have been implicated in the generation of rearrangements in a wide array of organisms [2], [8], [9].
In particular, both conserved and non-conserved control elements have been implicated in translational repression [ 22, 23, 37]; obviously, non-conserved elements are more likely to exert species-specific regulation.
Low-rate repetitive sounds are elemental features of communication sounds, and core auditory cortical regions have been implicated in processing these information-bearing elements.
DNA methylation has been primarily studied in the context of gene transcription and aberrant gene silencing, although it has also been implicated in the silencing of transposable elements [ 58].
Besides its ion-transport function, this protein complex also functions as a receptor for ouabain and has been implicated in processes and key cellular elements that affect cell motility such as cell tight junctions, cell contacts, and actin dynamics.
Interestingly, elements related to each of these have been shown previously to have stabilizing effects for individual genes: a GA-rich element has been implicated in stabilizing the elastin mRNA [27], CA repeats bind to hnRNP L and confer resistance to decay [28] and CU-rich and pyrimidine-rich elements interact with HuR or αCP complexes to stabilize mRNAs [29], [30].
